Autism, or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a developmental disorder that affects how a person perceives and interacts with the world. It is characterized by a wide range of symptoms, which can vary significantly in severity. Individuals with autism may experience challenges with social communication, difficulty understanding nonverbal cues, and limited or repetitive patterns of behavior and interests.

The exact cause of autism is still not fully understood, but a combination of genetic and environmental factors is believed to contribute to its development. Early signs of autism typically appear before the age of three and may include delayed speech, difficulty making eye contact, and limited social interactions. Some children may show intense interest in specific topics or engage in repetitive activities, such as hand-flapping or strict routines.

Although autism is a lifelong condition, early diagnosis and intervention can significantly improve outcomes. Treatment for autism is highly individualized and often includes behavioral therapies, speech and language therapy, occupational therapy, and sometimes medications to address specific symptoms like anxiety or aggression.

Individuals with autism can have varying levels of intellectual ability, from gifted to those with intellectual disabilities. With appropriate support and accommodations, many individuals with autism can lead fulfilling lives, pursue education, and engage in meaningful social relationships.